ISSN 1239-6095 (print),   ISSN 1797-2469 (online)
© Boreal Environment Research 2013

Contents of Volume 18 no. 1

Ogonowski, M., Hansson, S. & Duberg, J. 2013: Status and vertical size-distributions of a pelagic mysid community in the northern Baltic proper. Boreal Env. Res. 18: 1–18.
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Targino, A. C., Krecl, P., Johansson, C., Swietlicki, E., Massling, A., Coraiola, G. C. & Lihavainen, H. 2013: Deterioration of air quality across Sweden due to transboundary agricultural burning emissions. Boreal Env. Res. 18: 19–36.
Abstract
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Bendtsen, J., Gustafsson, K. E., Lehtoranta, J., Saarijärvi, E., Rasmus, K. & Pitkänen, H. 2013: Modeling and tracer release experiment on forced buoyant plume convection from coastal oxygenation. Boreal Env. Res. 18: 37–52.
Abstract
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Kesler, M., Vetemaa, M., Saks, L. & Saat, T. 2013: Survival of reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts during downstream migration and its timing: a case study in the Pirita River. Boreal Env. Res. 18: 53–60.
Abstract
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Koivukoski, J. & Paatero, J. 2013: Dose rate mapping and quantitative analysis of radioactive deposition with simple monitoring instruments in Finland after the Chernobyl accident. Boreal Env. Res. 18: 61–73.
Abstract
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Wojtuń, B., Sendyk, A. & Martyniak, D. 2013: Sphagnum species along environmental gradients in mires of the Sudety Mountains (SW Poland). Boreal Env. Res. 18: 74–88.
Abstract
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Ogonowski, M., Hansson, S. & Duberg, J. 2013: Status and vertical size-distributions of a pelagic mysid community in the northern Baltic proper. Boreal Env. Res. 18: 1–18.

We report on abundance, biomass, trophic position and vertical size distribution of pelagic mysids (Mysis mixta, Mysis relicta/salemaai, Neomysis integer) in a coastal Baltic Proper area. As compared with the situation in this area in the 1980s, the formerly dominating M. mixta has declined and the total mysid biomass decreased by 50%. Neomysis integer now constitutes the bulk of the mysids. Stable isotopes indicate that they feed on a lower trophic level than Mysis spp., and M. relicta appears more carnivorous than M. mixta. For N. integer, size increases with depth and decreases with in situ light. This was not found for Mysis spp., probably due to their narrow size span and smaller sample size than for N. integer. In N. integer, in situ light explained the size variation with depth better than temperature, indicating that this variation is a response to predation rather than size-related thermal preference.
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Targino, A. C., Krecl, P., Johansson, C., Swietlicki, E., Massling, A., Coraiola, G. C. & Lihavainen, H. 2013: Deterioration of air quality across Sweden due to transboundary agricultural burning emissions. Boreal Env. Res. 18: 19–36.

We analyzed measurements of aerosol and trace-gas concentrations from sites across Sweden before and during a series of agricultural wildland fires in eastern Europe in spring 2006. During the burning episodes, concentrations of background particulate matter (PM) and trace gases, such as carbon monoxide and ozone, increased, affecting air quality across the country and violating national air quality standards. The European Union PM10 daily limit value of 50 ?g m–3 was exceeded during the pollution episodes even at the background stations, resulting in a nearly four-fold increase as compared with that in non-episode conditions. In relation to a non-episode period, the concentration rise in the accumulation-mode particles was from 40% at an urban site to 340% at a rural site, causing an increase in total particle number concentrations. The fires also boosted ground-level ozone, increasing concentrations of this pollutant by up to 100% at the background stations, which exceeded national air quality standards. Both elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC) levels increased, with OC making a larger contribution to the total carbonaceous concentrations during the biomass burning episodes. The large-scale atmospheric circulation determined the strength and timing of the pollution events, with the eastern and northern sectors of Sweden experiencing two pollution pulses, whilst sites in the western and southern sectors were affected by one shorter episode. The results show that regional air quality deteriorated due to the long-range transport of pollutants emitted during agricultural wildfires.
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Bendtsen, J., Gustafsson, K. E., Lehtoranta, J., Saarijärvi, E., Rasmus, K. & Pitkänen, H. 2013: Modeling and tracer release experiment on forced buoyant plume convection from coastal oxygenation. Boreal Env. Res. 18: 37–52.

Mechanical oxygenation has been suggested as means of reducing unwanted effects from hypoxia but the near-field dynamics and thereby the potential impact from large scale applications is poorly understood. We present results from a field experiment and model study where the dynamics close to an oxygenator in a shallow coastal area in the Gulf of Finland were studied. The oxygenator created a buoyant plume by pumping surface water through a pipe into the bottom water at a rate of about 1 m3 s–1. A passive tracer (rhodamine) was added to the inlet of the pump and its lateral spreading was subsequently observed in a relatively thin layer below the pycnocline. The dispersion of rhodamine was applied to parameterize the entrainment rate in a plume model and the total outflow was increased by a factor of about 7. A sensitivity study with different pump rates and cross flow velocities were analysed.
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Kesler, M., Vetemaa, M., Saks, L. & Saat, T. 2013: Survival of reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts during downstream migration and its timing: a case study in the Pirita River. Boreal Env. Res. 18: 53–60.

Downstream migration of 1- and 2-year-old reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in the Pirita River was studied using a mark–recapture method. Age affected the migration duration. Majority of the 2-year-old fish reached the sea within a week after release, but younger, 1-year-old fish, descended later and reached the sea a few weeks after stocking. A few 1-year-old fish remained in the river for an additional year and migrated one year later, simultaneously with wild smolts. On average, 2-year-old smolts had higher survival (44%) than 1-year-old smolts (18.8%). Hence, the efficiency of stocking programs most probably depends not only on the number of stocked fish, but also on their age, timing of smoltification and on environmental conditions.
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Koivukoski, J. & Paatero, J. 2013: Dose rate mapping and quantitative analysis of radioactive deposition with simple monitoring instruments in Finland after the Chernobyl accident. Boreal Env. Res. 18: 61–73.

This article reviews the Finnish dose-rate mapping equipment and the system to process the obtained results, which were used immediately after the 1986 Chernobyl accident. We present the results of the external gamma-radiation monitoring carried out with simple civil-defence gamma monitoring instruments and compare them with the subsequent deposition mapping performed with research-grade instruments. The analysis shows that the quality of radiation mapping is good enough for decision makers to direct protective measures to the right areas. This review also demonstrates that a simple stationary external gamma radiation monitoring network can be effectively used for early warning in radiation emergency situations.
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Wojtuń, B., Sendyk, A. & Martyniak, D. 2013: Sphagnum species along environmental gradients in mires of the Sudety Mountains (SW Poland). Boreal Env. Res. 18: 74–88.

We studied the regional ecology of 33 Sphagnum taxa in 37 mires and 141 stands in the Sudety Mountains, central Europe. Five ecological species groups were distinguished based on the occurrence of particular species in plant communities and mire stands, and their distribution patterns along water-chemistry gradients. The ordination analysis (CCA) suggests that the most important factors affecting Sphagnum species distribution and abundance in the Sudety mires were moss height above the water level, altitude as well as surface-water pH and conductivity. In ombrotrophic bogs, moss height above the water level was the primary controlling factor. Within minerotrophic mires the distribution of species was mostly limited by pH, conductivity and Ca concentration in surface water. Sphagnum lindbergii, S. jensenii, S. warnstorfii and S. compactum were mostly restricted to the higher elevations from 1405–1430 m a.s.l., whereas S. rubellum, S. palustre and S. fimbriatum were mainly located at 635–830 m a.s.l.
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